Customers shop at a shopping mall in North China's Tianjin, Dec 31, 2022, the first day of the New Year holiday. [Photo/Xinhua]China's recent moves to ease financial burdens faced by micro and small businesses and households are expected to further spur both economic rebound and consumption recovery this year, officials and experts said.In the past week, officials have reiterated various policy measures that were effected to help small businesses.On Monday, the Ministry of Finance announced on its website that China's small businesses with monthly sales of no more than 100,000 yuan (,764) each are exempted from value-added tax this year. This is expected to ease the burden on firms amid renewed efforts to bolster growth.For certain small businesses, two VAT rates, currently levied at 3 percent, will be lowered to 1 percent.Last year till Nov 10, China had cut or deferred taxes and administrative fees by more than 3.7 trillion yuan, according to data released by the State Taxation Administration.Facilitating the recovery of smaller businesses has been an integral part of China's policy mix to boost overall economic recovery this year. On Saturday, Guo Shuqing, Party secretary of the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, said in an interview with China Central Television that the country will widen financing channels for private firms, supporting their stock and bond issuances.Prudent monetary policy will be precise and forceful, with a focus on expanding effective demand and deepening the supply-side structural reforms, Guo said.Financial policies will work in sync with fiscal and social policies to increase incomes of low- and middle-income groups as well as those hit hard by COVID-19, said Guo, who is also the chairman of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission.Some experts said they believe these moves are crucial for this year's growth and will provide prompt support to businesses now staging a recovery, while also boosting household consumption.Qu Hongbin, chief economist for China at HSBC, said in a recent interview that this year, greater financial support shall be channeled to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises that have been hit the hardest by the COVID-19 aftermath."With more and better targeted fiscal and financial support leaning specifically toward them, this is expected to facilitate a faster and stronger recovery of the Chinese economy," he said.He also said that most of the country's fiscal resources were channeled toward large-scale infrastructure projects in the past. Yet, relatively limited resources currently available shall be directed toward smaller businesses and low-income groups on a priority basis. Here is shan dong 編輯： 宋基金 閱讀量：175
原標(biāo)題：科普對(duì)面 | 治療感冒 用好中成藥來(lái)源：中國(guó)藥報(bào)提示藥品觀看仔細(xì) 變質(zhì)腐敗不可用將苑又稱(chēng)傷風(fēng)，是噴嚏、鼻塞、涕、惡風(fēng)或惡、發(fā)熱、頭痛全身酸楚不適疼痛為主癥的證，還可兼見(jiàn)呆、惡心、胸、脘痞、便溏癥狀，四季皆發(fā)病，冬季多，是臨床常見(jiàn)與多發(fā)病。市上治療感冒的成藥劑型和品眾多，患者在購(gòu)前，應(yīng)注意醫(yī)師指導(dǎo)下，分寒熱虛實(shí)屬與兼夾癥，才夠有針對(duì)性地行治療。風(fēng)寒冒Popularization of science風(fēng)寒感冒俗稱(chēng)涼感。癥狀主要表為打噴嚏、鼻、流清稀鼻涕量較多、惡風(fēng)惡寒重、發(fā)熱、無(wú)汗、全身楚不適或疼痛部分患者伴有喉干燥、咳嗽痰白、乏力、痛等，舌淡苔白，脈浮。治風(fēng)寒感冒優(yōu)選成藥風(fēng)寒感冒粒、傷風(fēng)停膠、感冒軟膠囊，以辛溫解表宣肺散寒?！?寒感冒顆粒：要成分為麻黃桂枝、防風(fēng)、芷、紫蘇葉、杏仁、葛根、皮、桔梗、甘、干姜。具有表發(fā)汗、疏風(fēng)寒的功效，可于調(diào)治風(fēng)寒感，癥見(jiàn)發(fā)熱、痛、惡寒、無(wú)、咳嗽、鼻塞流清涕?！駛?停膠囊：主要分為麻黃、荊、白芷、炒蒼、陳皮、甘草具有發(fā)散風(fēng)寒功效，可用于治外感風(fēng)寒，見(jiàn)惡寒發(fā)熱、痛、鼻塞、鼻清涕、肢體酸、喉癢咳嗽、清稀，以及上吸道感染、感鼻炎等見(jiàn)上述候者?！窀忻?膠囊：主要成為羌活、麻黃桂枝、荊芥穗防風(fēng)、白芷、根、薄荷、川、石菖蒲、苦仁、當(dāng)歸、黃、桔梗。具有風(fēng)解熱的功效可用于調(diào)治外風(fēng)寒引起的頭發(fā)熱、鼻塞流、惡寒無(wú)汗、節(jié)酸痛、咽喉痛。需特別提的是，因麻黃有升高血壓、快心率的作用因此高血壓、率過(guò)快患者應(yīng)用上述藥物。外，風(fēng)寒感冒兼癥者，可根癥狀優(yōu)選下列成藥。風(fēng)寒感兼頭項(xiàng)強(qiáng)痛、身酸痛，可選外感風(fēng)寒顆粒品主要成分為枝、白芷、防、柴胡、白芍葛根、荊芥穗羌活、桔梗、苦杏仁、生姜甘草。具有解散寒、退熱止的功效，可用調(diào)治風(fēng)寒感冒癥見(jiàn)惡寒發(fā)熱頭痛項(xiàng)強(qiáng)、全酸疼、鼻塞流涕、咳嗽。風(fēng)感冒頭項(xiàng)強(qiáng)痛痰飲，可選擇實(shí)感冒顆粒該主要成分為紫葉、葛根、防、白芷、麻黃桂枝、炒苦杏、甘草、陳皮桔梗、生姜。有發(fā)汗解表、風(fēng)散寒的功效可用于調(diào)治感風(fēng)寒表實(shí)證，見(jiàn)惡寒重發(fā)熱、無(wú)汗、頭項(xiàng)痛、鼻流清涕咳嗽、痰白稀風(fēng)寒感冒并咳兼有痰飲，可擇小青龍顆粒/合劑該品主要分為麻黃、桂、白芍、干姜五味子、炙甘、法半夏、細(xì)。具有解表化、止咳平喘的效，常用于風(fēng)感冒并咳喘，有痰飲者；或有痰飲，感冒寒并咳喘者。藥也可用于急性支氣管炎、氣管哮喘、咳變異性哮喘、性阻塞性肺疾、慢性肺源性臟病、變應(yīng)性炎或過(guò)敏性鼻等見(jiàn)上述癥狀的調(diào)治。風(fēng)寒冒兼咽癢咳嗽四肢酸痛，可擇正柴胡飲顆/膠囊/合劑該品主要成葌山為胡、陳皮、防、甘草、赤芍生姜。具有發(fā)風(fēng)寒、解熱止的功效，可用調(diào)治外感風(fēng)寒致的發(fā)熱惡寒無(wú)汗、頭痛、塞、噴嚏、咽咳嗽、四肢酸，以及流感初，輕度上呼吸感染見(jiàn)上述證者。風(fēng)寒感冒有表虛，可選桂枝顆粒該品要成分為桂枝白芍、甘草、姜、大棗。具解肌發(fā)表、調(diào)營(yíng)衛(wèi)的功效，用于調(diào)治外感邪，癥見(jiàn)頭痛熱、鼻塞干嘔汗出惡風(fēng)。寒感冒Popularization of science寒濕感冒是外感寒、內(nèi)傷濕滯致。癥狀主要現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、頭、四肢沉重或痛、鼻塞、流、咳嗽、胃脹腹痛、嘔吐、瀉、身體乏力，舌淡苔白膩脈浮滑。也有少患者胃腸癥較為突出，因也被稱(chēng)為胃腸感冒。治療該型感冒優(yōu)選中藥藿香正氣軟囊/口服液/滴丸，以解表化、理氣和中。藿香正氣軟膠/口服液/滴丸：主要成分大蜂術(shù)、陳皮、厚(姜制)、白芷、茯苓、大腹、生半夏、甘浸膏、廣藿香、紫蘇葉油。有解表化濕、氣和中的功效可用于調(diào)治外風(fēng)寒、內(nèi)傷濕或夏傷暑濕所的感冒，癥見(jiàn)痛昏重、胸膈悶、脘腹脹痛嘔吐泄瀉，以胃腸型感冒見(jiàn)述證候者。由部分藿香正氣型含有酒精，酒精過(guò)敏者應(yīng)用，也應(yīng)避免頭孢類(lèi)藥物同。風(fēng)寒挾濕感Popularization of science風(fēng)寒挾濕感冒主要因感風(fēng)寒濕邪，內(nèi)有濕邪感受寒所致。癥狀要表現(xiàn)為惡寒發(fā)熱、無(wú)汗、項(xiàng)強(qiáng)直、頭重痛、肌表肢體楚疼痛，部分者或伴有鼻塞流清涕、喉癢口苦微渴等。類(lèi)感冒全身酸疼痛癥狀較為顯，但疼痛不烈，屬于可以受范圍。治療可優(yōu)選中成藥味羌活丸/口服液/顆粒，以發(fā)汗祛濕女丑兼清熱?！窬盼肚?丸/口服液/顆粒：主要成分羌活、防風(fēng)、術(shù)、細(xì)辛、川、白芷、黃芩地黃、甘草。有疏風(fēng)解表、寒除濕的功效可用于調(diào)治外風(fēng)寒挾濕所致感冒，癥見(jiàn)惡、發(fā)熱、無(wú)汗頭重而痛、肢酸痛。風(fēng)熱感Popularization of science風(fēng)熱感冒又稱(chēng)熱感黑豹多由風(fēng)熱襲肺或內(nèi)有蘊(yùn)熱外風(fēng)寒，邪犯肌，肺失宣肅所。癥狀主要表為發(fā)熱較重、惡風(fēng)、汗出、干或渴、面紅咽干燥或咽喉痛、頭脹痛、塞不暢、流黃鼻涕，部分患或伴有咳嗽、黏或黃，舌尖，舌苔薄白干薄黃，脈浮數(shù)治療該類(lèi)型感優(yōu)選中成藥連清瘟膠囊/顆粒/片、風(fēng)熱感冒顆蠻蠻、銀翹散銀翹解毒片等以辛涼解表、風(fēng)清熱。由于療風(fēng)熱感冒的成藥品種較多應(yīng)用時(shí)可根據(jù)有癥狀輕重程，合理選擇。連花清瘟膠囊/顆粒/片：主要成分為連翹和山銀花、炙麻黃炒苦杏仁、石、板藍(lán)根、綿貫眾、魚(yú)腥草廣藿香、大黃紅景天、薄荷、甘草。具有瘟解毒、宣肺熱的功效，可于調(diào)治流行性冒屬熱毒襲肺，癥見(jiàn)發(fā)熱或熱、惡寒、肌酸痛、鼻塞流、咳嗽、頭痛咽干咽痛、舌紅、苔黃或黃等。●風(fēng)熱感顆粒：主要成為板藍(lán)根、連、薄荷、荊芥、桑葉、蘆根牛蒡子、菊花苦杏仁、桑枝六神曲。具有風(fēng)清熱、利咽毒的功效，可于治療風(fēng)熱感，癥見(jiàn)發(fā)熱、汗、鼻塞、頭、咽痛、咳嗽多痰?！胥y翹：主要成分為銀花、連翹、梗、薄荷、淡豉、淡竹葉、蒡子、荊芥、根、甘草。具辛涼透表、清解毒的功效，用于調(diào)治風(fēng)熱冒，癥見(jiàn)發(fā)熱痛、口干咳嗽咽喉疼痛、小短赤?！胥y翹毒片/丸/顆粒/膠囊：主要成分為金銀花、翹、薄荷、荊、淡豆豉、炒蒡子、桔梗、竹葉、甘草。有疏風(fēng)解表、熱解毒的功效可用于調(diào)治風(fēng)感冒，癥見(jiàn)發(fā)頭痛、咳嗽口、咽喉疼痛。外，風(fēng)熱感冒兼癥者，可根癥狀選擇下列成藥。風(fēng)熱感兼有肝胃不和可選用小柴胡粒/膠囊/片該品主要成分巫彭胡、姜半夏、參、黃芩、甘、生姜、大棗具有解表散熱疏肝和胃的功，可用于調(diào)治感病，邪犯少證，癥見(jiàn)寒熱來(lái)、胸脅苦滿食欲不振、心喜嘔、口苦咽，也可用于患慢性胃炎、胃瘍、膽囊炎、性乳腺炎、咽等見(jiàn)上述癥狀的調(diào)治。風(fēng)熱冒兼咳嗽，可用桑菊感冒片/丸/合劑該品主要駁分為桑葉菊花、連翹、荷、苦杏仁、梗、甘草、蘆。具有疏風(fēng)清、宣肺止咳的效，可用于調(diào)風(fēng)熱感冒初起癥見(jiàn)頭痛、咳、口干、咽痛風(fēng)熱感冒兼頭頭暈，可選用桑菊顆粒該品要成分為夏枯、野菊花、桑。具有清肝明、疏風(fēng)散熱、濕痹、解瘡毒功效，可用于治風(fēng)熱感冒，見(jiàn)目赤頭痛、暈耳鳴、咽喉痛、疔瘡腫毒風(fēng)熱感冒并咳，可選用麻杏咳片/膏/糖漿該品主要成分麻黃、苦杏仁石膏、炙甘草具有鎮(zhèn)咳、祛、平喘的功效可用于調(diào)治急慢性支氣管炎喘息等。臨床注意孕婦禁用感冒兼有里熱，可選用防風(fēng)圣丸/顆粒該品主要成櫟為防、薄荷、麻黃連翹、大黃、硝、當(dāng)歸、白、川芎、荊芥、梔子、炒白、石膏、黃芩桔梗、甘草、石。具有解表里、清熱解毒功效，可用于治外寒內(nèi)熱、里俱實(shí)、惡寒熱、頭痛咽干小便短赤、大秘結(jié)、風(fēng)疹濕等癥。臨床需意孕婦慎用。源：中國(guó)醫(yī)藥往期精彩推薦入下方關(guān)鍵詞可查看最新相分類(lèi)文章權(quán)威布安全提升魯振興鐵軍鍛造我去檢查科普對(duì)面溫馨提示情防?
